— Variable: mode-line-mule-info

This variable holds the value of the mode-line construct that displays information about the language environment, buffer coding system, and current input method. See Non-ASCII Characters.

— Variable: mode-line-modified

This variable holds the value of the mode-line construct that displays whether the current buffer is modified.

The default value of mode-line-modified is ("%1*%1+"). This means that the mode line displays `**' if the buffer is modified, `--' if the buffer is not modified, `%%' if the buffer is read only, and `%*' if the buffer is read only and modified.

Changing this variable does not force an update of the mode line.

— Variable: mode-line-frame-identification

This variable identifies the current frame. The default value is " " if you are using a window system which can show multiple frames, or "-%F " on an ordinary terminal which shows only one frame at a time.

— Variable: mode-line-buffer-identification

This variable identifies the buffer being displayed in the window. Its default value is ("%12b"), which displays the buffer name, padded with spaces to at least 12 columns.

— Variable: mode-line-position

This variable indicates the position in the buffer. Here is a simplified version of its default value. The actual default value also specifies addition of the help-echo text property.

          ((-3 "%p")
           (size-indication-mode (8 " of %I"))
           (line-number-mode
            ((column-number-mode
              (10 " (%l,%c)")
              (6 " L%l")))
            ((column-number-mode
              (5 " C%c")))))
     

This means that mode-line-position displays at least the buffer percentage and possibly the buffer size, the line number and the column number.

— Variable: vc-mode

The variable vc-mode, buffer-local in each buffer, records whether the buffer's visited file is maintained with version control, and, if so, which kind. Its value is a string that appears in the mode line, or nil for no version control.

— Variable: mode-line-modes

This variable displays the buffer's major and minor modes. Here is a simplified version of its default value. The real default value also specifies addition of text properties.

          ("%[(" mode-name
           mode-line-process minor-mode-alist
           "%n" ")%]--")
     

So mode-line-modes normally also displays the recursive editing level, information on the process status and whether narrowing is in effect.

— Variable: mode-name

This buffer-local variable holds the “pretty” name of the current buffer's major mode. Each major mode should set this variable so that the mode name will appear in the mode line.

— Variable: mode-line-process

This buffer-local variable contains the mode-line information on process status in modes used for communicating with subprocesses. It is displayed immediately following the major mode name, with no intervening space. For example, its value in the `*shell*' buffer is (":%s"), which allows the shell to display its status along with the major mode as: `(Shell:run)'. Normally this variable is nil.

— Variable: minor-mode-alist

This variable holds an association list whose elements specify how the mode line should indicate that a minor mode is active. Each element of the minor-mode-alist should be a two-element list:

          (minor-mode-variable mode-line-string)
     

More generally, mode-line-string can be any mode-line spec. It appears in the mode line when the value of minor-mode-variable is non-nil, and not otherwise. These strings should begin with spaces so that they don't run together. Conventionally, the minor-mode-variable for a specific mode is set to a non-nil value when that minor mode is activated.

minor-mode-alist itself is not buffer-local. Each variable mentioned in the alist should be buffer-local if its minor mode can be enabled separately in each buffer.

— Variable: global-mode-string

This variable holds a mode-line spec that, by default, appears in the mode line just after the which-func-mode minor mode if set, else after mode-line-modes. The command display-time sets global-mode-string to refer to the variable display-time-string, which holds a string containing the time and load information.

The `%M' construct substitutes the value of global-mode-string, but that is obsolete, since the variable is included in the mode line from mode-line-format.

— Variable: default-mode-line-format

This variable holds the default mode-line-format for buffers that do not override it. This is the same as (default-value 'mode-line-format).

Here is a simplified version of the default value of default-mode-line-format. The real default value also specifies addition of text properties.

          ("-"
           mode-line-mule-info
           mode-line-modified
           mode-line-frame-identification
           mode-line-buffer-identification
           "   "
           mode-line-position
           (vc-mode vc-mode)
           "   "
           mode-line-modes
           (which-func-mode ("" which-func-format "--"))
           (global-mode-string ("--" global-mode-string))
           "-%-")